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Tajweed

What is Tajweed?

The word "tajweed" means to improve, make better.

Tajweed of the Holy Qur'an is the knowledge and application of the rules of recitation so the reading of the Qur'an is as the Prophet Mohammed peace and blesings be upon him, recited.

Tajweed Resources 1

1. Easy Tajweed in Urdu (pdf)
3. Rules Of Tajweed
4. Tarteel-ul-Quran

Tajweed Resources 2 : Jazariyah

1. Jazriyah (Arabic Only) (.doc),
2. English And Arabic (pdf)
3. Listen Jazariyyah part 1, part 2, & part 3
4. tatimmaat -supplimentary to al-jazariyyah

Tajweed Resources 3: Summery charts

1. Sifaat (pdf)
2. Sifaat Without Opposite (pdf)
3. Makharij (pdf)
4. Lahn (pdf)
5. The Definite Article (pdf)
6. Rules on pronouncing Hamza tul Wasl
7. Summarizing the rules of Hamza tul Wasl
8. The letter Raw
9. The letter Laam
10. Meem Saakin (pdf)
11. Noon Saakin And Tanween (pdf)
12. Rules of Idghaam (pdf)
13. Madd (pdf)
14. Stopping (pdf)

Tajweed Resources 4: About Qari Aasim his two rawees

‘Aasim
His name was Aasim bin Bahdalah Abee An-Najood Al-Asadee, and he was called Abu Bakr. He was the sheikh of the recitors in Al-Kufah after Abdulrahmaan Al-Sulamee. He excelled in both purity of language and mastery. He had the best voice of all in Qur’an recitation and he was from the taabi’een –the first generation after the Sahabah- meaning he met up with and knew some of the Sahabah. He died in the year 127 Al-Hijarah.

His two rawee are Shu’bah and Hafs.

1. Shu’bah
He was Shu’bah bin Ayaash bin Saalim, and was called Abu Bakr. He was born in 95 Al-Hijarah and died in 193 Al-Hijarah. He was a great imam and working scholar, and was considered a reference of the great imams in the sunnah.

2. Hafs
His name was Hafs bin Sulaymaan bin Al-Magheerah Al-Asadee Al-Kufee. He was born in the year 90 Al-Hijarah, and died in the year 180 Al-Hijarah. Hafs was the most knowledgeable of all in the recitation of ‘Aasim.

Rules of Recitation for Shu’bah ‘an ‘Aasim
The rules for Shu’bah are for the most part identical to the rules of Hafs ‘an ‘Aasim except for a few items which will be outlined here. Outside of the few rules that are different, there are special words read differently by Shu’bah. Only those rules which are different for Shu’bah ‘an Aasim from Hafs ‘an ‘Aasim will be explained, all other rules are the same as Hafs and can be found in the explanation of those rules. The special words for Shu’bah will be documented later, insha’ Allah.

Tajweed : Introduction

One who wishes to learn a science needs to know its principles so that he will gain insight into the sought science. There are several principles in the science of tajweed that should be understood:

1. Its definition
a. linguistic definition: Betterment
b. Applied definition: Articulating every letter from its articulation point and giving the letter its rights and dues of characteristics. Rights of the letters are its required characteristics that never leave it. The dues of the letters are its presented characteristics that are present in it some of the time, and not present at other times. i.e. the Madd, Gunnah, Qalqalah, etc

2. Its formation: The words of the Glorious Qur'an and some said Honorable Hadiths also.

3. Its fruits: It is preserving the tongue from mistakes in pronunciation of the Glorious Qur’an during reading.

4. Its precedence: It is one of the most honored of sciences and one of the best of them due to its relation to Allah’s words.

5. Its place within the sciences: It is one of the Islamic Law sciences that are related to the Glorious Qur'an.

6. Its founder: The rule setter from the practical point of view is the Messenger of Allah because the Qur’an was revealed to him from Allah, the most High, with tajweed, and he, was instructed on it from the Trustworthy, Jibreel, peace be upon him, and taught it to his companions, who then taught it to their followers and so on until it came to us by these chains. The rule setters from the scientific point of view are the scholars of Qur’anic sciences, such as Abu ‘Ubaid Al-Qasim bin Sallaam.

7. Its precept: Knowledge of tajweed is fardh kifayaah, meaning some of the Muslim community must know it, and its application is fardh ‘ain, required by all Muslims (men and women) who have the complete Qur’an or part of it memorized, even if only one surah.

8. Reasons for its rules: Guarding the Glorious Qur'an and preserving it from distortion. The Arabs mixed with non-Arabs after the spread of Islam, and the Muslims feared that the Arab tongue would become corrupted with this intermixing. It then became mandatory for rules to be put down that would preserve the recitation of the Qur’an from mistakes, and guarantee the reader of the Qur’an integrity of pronunciation.

9. Its principles: The knowledge of tajweed is contingent on four matters:
1. Knowledge of the articulation points of the letters
2. Knowledge of the characteristics of the letters
3. Knowledge of what rules change in the letters due to the order of letters
4. Exercising the tongue and a lot of repetition.

Lesson 36 : The Sifaat of the letters

Sifaat refers to the characteristic(s) of the letter

Definition :The way in which a letter is articulated that differentiates it from others. The purpose of these characteristics is to distinguish the letters that share the same articulation points (makhaarij).

But why do we need sifaat when we already know the origin of the letter (makhraj)?

Makhaarij only provides information as to where the sound of the letter comes from, whereas sifaat provides extra information with regards to the characteristics of the letter in order to produce the correct sound.

This section will further explain this :

Sifaat is of two types:
a. Sifaat WITH opposite (complement)
b. Sifaat WITHOUT opposites (non-complement)

SIFAAT WITH OPPOSITES

  Opposite

1. Hems : (whispered)

2. Jahr : (voiced)

3. Shiddah : (explosive)

5. INBETWEEN Tasawwut

4. Rakhaawa : (softness)
Itbaaq

(closed)

Infitaah

(opened)

 
Ithlaaq

(flowing, ease of exit)

 Ismaat

(sharply pronounced)
Istalaa / Tafkheem

(elevated)

 Istifaal /Tarqeeq

(depressed, low)

1.a Hems (whispered) : Weak or slight continuation of breath (whispering, expulsion of air) upon pronunciation of the letter when it carries a SUKOON

1.b Jahr (Opposite of Hems) : The stoppage of breath upon pronunciation of a letter when it carries a SUKOON

2.a Shiddah (Explosive/Strength) : Strong stoppage of the sound upon pronunciation of the letter when it carries a SAKOON

2.b Rakhaawa (Opposite of Shiddah) : The continuation of sound upon pronunciation of the letter when it carries a SAKOON, in a soft and gentle manner

3.a Itbaaq (closed) : Contact between the back of the tongue and the upper palate of the mouth.

3.b Infitaah (Opposite to Itbaaq) : Separation of the tongue from the upper palate, thus pronouncing in an opened manner.

4.a Ithlaaq : The speed of which the letters are pronounced because of the ease of the makhraj.

4.b Ismaat (opposite to ithlaaq) : To pronounce in a heavy manner.

5.a Ista'ala / tafkheem (elevated) : The elevation of the back of the tongue to the back roof of the mouth upon pronunciation of the letter, no matter what harakaat.

5.b Tarqeeq (opposite to Tafkheem) : The lowering or depressing of the back of the tongue away from the roof of the mouth upon pronunciation of the letter.

SIFAAT WITHOUT OPPOSITES

1. Safeer (whistling sound) : It is a sound similar to that of a bird, bee which can be described as either a buzzing or whistling sound

2. Qalqalah (echoing / bouncing sound) : to pronounce with an echoing or bouncing sound when the letter carries a SUKOON only.

3. Leen (soft sound) : A manner of articulation that seeks an easy pronunciation.

4. Inhiraaf (inclined sound) : The leaning of the tongue away from its makhraj until it nears another makhraj.

5. Takreer (repeated sound) : The quality of takreer is to pronounce in a repeated manner

6. Tafsh-shee (spreading sound) : To pronounce a letter with the filling of the mouth with air allowing the sound to spread greatly over the mouth.

7. Istitaalah (elongated sound) : The quality of istitaalah is to pronounce a letter in a slow and elongated manner. When pronounced, the sound of the letter will remain from the beginning of the makhraj till the end (the extension of the sound covers the entire sound of the tongue)

1. Click here to view a printable chart depicting the qualities of SIFAAT WITH OPPOSITES

2. Click here to view a printable chart depicting the qualities of SIFAAT WITHOUT OPPOSITES

3. Click on the 'Summary Chart' link to view an abbreviated chart of Sifaat

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Duaa at end of gathering

‘How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except You. I seek Your forgiveness and turn to You in repentance.’

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