Contemporary
Errors in the Qur’an
The orientalists
allege that certain mistaken notions about Judaism
and Christianity prevailing at the time in certain
quarters have crept in the Qur’an. They also
suggest that some mistaken concepts prevailing at
the time about the world and universe have been
reproduced in the Qur’an.
Mistakes about
Judaism and Christianity
Following
explanations will show the stand taken by the
Qur’an against these allegations by the
orientalists.
A. Qur’an
Repeated the Errors Found in the Old Scriptures.
In the first
place, the Qur’an does not really treat Judaism
and Christianity as independent religions but as
deviations from, and corruption of the message
delivered by God’s Prophets. Hence there is no
question of its stating what the modern Jews and
Christians think to be the correct articles of their
faiths. The Qur’an is set to pointing out that
what the Jews believed and practiced at the time
were errors and that their scriptures had been
altered and manipulated to accommodate such faults
and incorrect beliefs. It also vigorously attempts
to correct and rectify those errors.
What the modern
Jews and Christians believe to be the correct
doctrines of their faiths are not the same as those
believed and practiced by the predecessors because
these religions have undergone a number of reforms
and modifications since the advent of Islam. It is
never an exaggeration if we say that Qur’an
influenced these reforms especially in Christianity.
The Qur’an is
basically not describing the tenets of Judaism and
Christianity but was pointing out how the followers
of these faiths had deviated from the original
teachings of their prophets.
B. Mary Part of
Trinity
The Qur’an does
not identify the entities or persons that
constituted the Trinity. It simply denounces the
whole concept as antithetical to and subversive of
true monotheism. The orientalists write that the
Qur’an has classified Mary as a person in the
Trinity and maintain that is an error. However, a
simple glance at the present day Catholics is
sufficient to show that they indeed worship Virgin
Mary and address their prayers to her. This is no
different if you look at the history of Christian
nations. The recent proclamation of the Pope
relating to the bodily assumption of Mary supports
this conclusion.
The Qur’an also
points out other errors such as against the Jews’
insinuations and innuendo against Mary where it
unequivocally asserts her chastity and purity of
character. Against the doctrine of the Trinity it
uncompromisingly asserts the absolute and immutable
unity of God.
Against the Jews
and Christian notion of sonship, it emphatically
states that God does not have any son nor is he a
father to anyone as such. Against the divinity of
Christ, it insists on his humanity and asserts that
he was only a Prophet of God. It further states that
those who worship him as god are unbelievers. But
none of the orientalists dare write anything on this
respect.
C. Errors about
Crucifixion
As regards the
crucifixion, the Qur’an does not produce a popular
mistake. The Qur’an specifically points out what
the Jews said that they crucified and killed Christ.
The passage then says that it was made to appear
like that to them. But that was an incorrect
impression or illusion to them and that they had no
real knowledge of what actually happened but instead
followed only a certain conjecture. The passage ends
with an empathic reiteration that “they did not
kill him for certain.”
Even though the
orientalists say that the rejection of crucifixion
in the Qur’an is an error, it may be noted that
some of the early Christian sects did not believe
that Jesus died on the cross. Thus the Basilidans
thought that someone else was substituted for him on
the cross.
The Qur’an
categorically asserts the truth and positively
contradicts the Jews’ assertion that they had
killed Jesus. In fact the Qur’anic statement is
directed against the Jews as well as Christians. It
contradicts the assertion of the Jews that they have
killed Jesus and that therefore he was not a Prophet
because he suffered what is called an “accursed
death.” Similarly, it rejects the Christidoctrine
of the divinity of Jesus and that of “vicarious
atonement” and its basis, the concept of “blood
sacrifice.”
The Qur’an
emphatically states that they did not kill Jesus.
This is found in the Bible as well, and can be
gleaned by any Christian seeking truth if he really
desires it. There are statements in different
Gospels, which strongly agreeing with the Qur’anic
verdict that “they killed him not for certain”.
In fact, these statements clearly suggest that Jesus
escaped death on the cross and therefore avoided
being discovered by his enemies.
Additionally, some
of the recent researches confirm that Jesus did not
suffer death on the cross.
Barbara Thiering,
an Australian scholar, has demonstrated
convincingly, on a meticulous analysis of the Dead
Sea Scrolls that Jesus did not die on the cross.
Two European
scholars, Holger Kersten and Elmer E. Gruber, have
assiduously pursued the story of radiocarbon test
carried out on the famous “Turin Shroud” and
have shown that Jesus did not die on the cross and
that the “Turin Shroud” was a hoax.
D. Uzair Is a
Son of God
Old Testament was
given its present form by Uzayr, and some Jews in
Madinah at the time considered Uzayr as a son of
God. This verse was read in front of them many times
and none of them came forwarded to object to it.
According to Qurtubi the Jewish sect that considered
Uzayr as the son of God had become extinct by his
time. The Qur’an simply points out that these
beliefs are errors and specifies out the mistakes in
adhering to these faults.
E. Alleged
Scientific Errors
The orientalists
allege that the Qur’an reproduces the contemporary
errors about the nature of the earth and sky. One of
them reproduces translations of about eight verses
from the Qur’an and says that the Qur’an
addresses its first audience, the Arabs, in terms of
their own world picture. He generously suggests that
“it was not essential for god’s purpose that
false ideas of this sort should be corrected, since
the Qur’anic message could be communicated to them
(the Arabs) without straightening these beliefs.”
In asserting these
statements the orientalists are actually reflecting
the modern Christian’s attitude to his own sacred
scriptures, due to general awareness from the
nineteenth century of the existence of a number of
scientific inaccuracies in the Biblical texts. In
view of these inaccuracies the opinion first gained
ground that there was an antagonism between science
and religion. Gradually, however, the notion of a
text of revelation communicated by God gave way to
the idea of text “inspired” by God but written
down by human beings. The Biblical authors, it came
to be assumed, might have introduced inaccuracies to
the text arising from the language of the day or
from ideas and traditions still honored and
prevalent at the time, but that did not deter them
from their being divinely inspired. The Second
Vatican Council (1962-1965) adopted a document,
which recognizes that the Books of the Old Testament
contain material that is imperfect and obsolete.
“The scientific
errors in the Bible are the errors of mankind, for
long ago man was like a child, as yet ignorant of
science,” states an eminent Modern Christian
thinker.
Regarding the
Shape of the Earth
One of the
orientalist writers (Watt) recognizes that different
words are used to describe the earth and that
“there is no special emphasis on flatness”. But
he says that all the expressions “would be
interpreted by the hearers in terms of their belief
that the earth is flat”, for “no one supposed
that the earth would be otherwise”.
However, in his
own words this person admits that the passages do
not give the expression that the earth is flat,
unless approached with such a notion. In other
words, if a modern man with his scientific knowledge
approaches these verses, it will be found that the
passages cited by the orientalist (Watt) are full of
unprecedented scientific significance not only
regarding the earth but also regarding other
matters.
The word ARD
occurred in the Qur’an some 461 times. Most of
these uses are in connection with a description of
God’s absolute dominion over the entire universe
and His power of creation. In a number of places the
word clearly comes in the sense of country or
dominion, while at other places it is used
metaphorically to denote worldly life.
Without going into
detailed analysis, it can be easily shown that the
writer has used his limited knowledge of translation
to make such statements, while the Qur’anic word
provides the meaning of a sphere.
Some of the
verses selected by the orientalists and their
correct meaning are as follows.
* “Sutihat” [Qur'an
88:20] means surface, outer layer, outer cover,
roof, deck, plane etc. With the modern knowledge
that the interior of earth is full of gaseous and
liquid materials (lava) and that the land surface is
only an outer cover resembling the skin of an egg.
With the verse 88:19 of how the mountains have been
set up, the more appropriate and accurate meaning
would be,
“(Do they not
look) to the earth how it has been surfaced and
planed?” [Qur'an 88:20]
* “Mihada” [Qur'an
78:6] means resting place, habitat, abode, bosom,
cradle and figuratively fold (in which something
rests). So the correct translation would read as,
“Have We not
made the earth as a cradle?”[Qur'an 78:6]
* “Muddat” [Qur'an
84:3] clearly bears the meaning of “is
flattened.” When read with verse 84:4 it would
mean,
“And when the
earth is flattened and it throws off what is in it
and gets emptied” [Qur'an 84:3]
This is a
description of what will happen when the earth
(world) is brought to an end and the resurrection
takes place.
* “Dahaha” [Qur'an
79:30] Keeping in view of the root word provides a
very positive Qur’anic evidence in support of
spherical shape of the earth. The root word Dhaha
means to “shaped like an egg”.
These passages
wherein it occurs with any description of its shape
and nature may be divided into two categories.
In one category it
is mentioned in combination with or in comparison to
the mountains and rivers. Here the emphasis is on
how the earth has been made suitable and useful for
man and the other creatures. The reader’s
attention is drawn to the objects of nature and land
surface falling with his immediate view. This can be
seen in the first three examples above.
In the second
category of passages the word occurs in relation to
the sun, the moon, the skies and the universe in
general. Here the earth is spoken of as a unit and
the description really gives an insight into its
shape, position and even movement in shape. This can
be seen in the last example above.
Concerning the
Sky
* The orientalists
suggest that the Qur’an only pick up the
prevailing erroneous notion and conceive the sky to
be something built on solid materials “presumably
of stone.”
* Qur’an does
not give any indication that the sky was built on
solid materials or stone. Instead a careful glance
into the verses will show some startling scientific
details, some of which is still being in the process
of discovery.
* The sky at the
beginning was only smoke (or vaporous or gaseous)
* The sky and the
earth were initially one mass but they were
subsequently cloven asunder.
* The Qur’an
speaks of seven skies in at least 9 places.
* Three of the
eight passages cited by one of the orientalists
(Watt) to prove what he supposes to be scientific
errors in the Qur’an contain at least three such
facts as run directly counter to his assumption.
These Facts
Are...
That God has
shaped the earth like an egg Qur’an 79:30; and
that He makes the night cover the day (13:3) which
is a further indication of the spherical nature of
the earth;
That plants and
fruits, besides other objects, are created in pairs
(of sexes) 13:3;
That the sky
(space) is continually expanding Q 51:47.
These and other
statements such as the that at the beginning the sky
was only “Smoke” (or vaporous or gaseous) 41:11,
that the skies and the earth were initially one mass
but they subsequently coven asunder 21:30, and the
whole universe traveling at a tremendous speed are
complete with scientific truths, which the modern
world with the latest scientific equipment is still
unraveling.
As such, the
assumption that the Qur’anic view of the sky and
earth is primitive reflecting the knowledge of the
seventh century is wrong. Instead, it exposes the
authors’ approach to the Qur’an with the
primitive notion, putting a very narrow construction
on them.
These authors
ignore a number of other statements in the Qur’an
that are surprisingly in accordance with modern
scientific information about the sky and the
significance of which may be fully appreciated with
the further progress of our knowledge.
Source:
http://www.islamonline.net/English/In_Depth/mohamed/1424/misconception/article05.shtml
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